• crucial that management has a precise understanding of the business’:
    • current position
    • a clear picture of where it is heading

SWOT

  • (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)

  • SWOT analysis involves :: the identification and analysis of the internal strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats from the external environment

  • By conducting a SWOT analysis, business are able to:

    • gain an indication of their current position in comparison to the rest of their competitors.
    • determine strategies to rectify weaknesses and exploit opportunities
  • Internal forces (strengths, weaknesses):

    • operate within the business
    • can be largely controlled by the business
    • are unique to each business
  • external forces (Opportunities, Threats):

Helpful:Harmful:
Internal:Strengths:Weaknesses
External:OpportunitiesThreats

Product life cycle

  • The product life cycle consists of :: the stages a product passes through: introduction, growth, maturity and decline.

  • Many businesses start because of an initial idea to produce a product that is new and perhaps superior to what is available

  • Introduction stage :: business aims to develop customer awareness due to slow sales and growth by setting its prices lower than its competitors.

    • tries to increase consumer awareness and build a market share
    • price is often noticeably lower than competitors
  • Growth stage :: business experiences an increase in profitability due to the increased demand for products and a more aggressive advertising campaign.

    • Brand acceptance and market share are actively pursued by the producers of the product.
    • Price per unit of production is maintained as the firm enjoys increased consumer demand and a growing market share.
  • Maturity stage :: business experiences steady profits and sales and continues to advertise their products in attempt to differentiate from its competitors.

    • Sales plateau as the market becomes saturated.
    • Price may need to be adjusted downwards to hold off competitors and maintain market share.
  • Decline stage :: business profits fall, prices are reduced, and promotion is discontinued.

    • Sales begin to decline as the business faces several options.
    • Price is reduced to sell the remaining stock.
    • Additionally, some products decline due to:
      • Changing public perceptions on what is fashionable
      • The introduction of new leading edge technologies
      • New products
      • Fluctuations in the level of economic activity