stakeholders

Stakeholders are :: any individual or group that has a common interest in or is affected by the activities of an organisation.
they all have comment interest, but aren’t they necessarily shared amongst each other
- conflict can arise due to competing interests
The main stakeholders that influence HRM are:
?
Employers
Employees
Employer associations
Unions
Government organisations

Employers are :: those who exercise control over their employees, have responsibility for the payment of wages and/or salaries, and have the power to dismiss employees.
they handle HRM issues daily
Recently, employer responsibilities have increased as new laws encourage:
- negotiation of enterprise agreements,
- resolving disputes at an individual level.
improving management training → improves HRM

Employees are : workers under the control of an employer.
this control includes:
?
workplace location,
how the work is performed,
the extent of supervision
The structure of work has changed over last decade
(casualisation of the workforce)
- eliminating need for part- & full-time workers
- especially in knowledge-based sectors

Employer associations are :: organisations that represent and assist employer groups
- originally created as a counter-party to Unions
- to act on behalf of employers in collective bargaining
Assisting employers in policy making and processing logs of claims
Employer associations are usually respondents to the awards covering the employers of their members
a log of claims is :: a list of demands made by workers (often through a union) against their employers. These demands cover specific wages and conditions. Employers may also serve a counter-log of claims on the union.

Trade unions are :: organisations formed by employees in an industry, trade, or occupation to represent them in efforts to improve wages and the working conditions of their members

trend in union membership (+ reasons for decline (inc. economic/workforce))
?

Union membership peaked at ==51% in 1976==
- however has recently declined, remaining at ==18%==
Reasons for decline in union membership:
- poor image of unions in media
- legislative changes reducing their power
- collapse of centralised wage-fixing system
- community attitudes favour individual over collective
economic & workforce changes:
- Decline in workplace size
- privatisation of public businesses
- decline in manufacturing employment
  - traditionally heavily unionised
- feminisation of the workforce

The aim of Federal Government is to create a national system that simplifies industrial relations
The key roles in the industrial relations system include:
?
Legislator
- pass laws, provides the legal framework for industrial relations
  - most workers covered by federal awards
  - and state hired workers covered by state-based awards
- system implemented under the ==Fair Work Act (2009)==.
  - Industrial tribunals and courts enforce the employment laws.
Employer
- Often regarded as pacesetters in terms of responsible policies
- governments employ almost 1/3rd of Aus workers (teachers, nurses, etc.)
Responsible economic manager
- operating at the macro level, keen to ensure economic objectives → affecting industrial relations
Administrator of government policies on industrial relations
- governments implement laws they enact through published information and guidelines
  - provides advice to the government and the public
  - and investigating breaches of legislation.
- The Fairwork commission is the gov agency responsible for this
Representative of Australia is the international area, in foreign affairs, trade, and international labour matters
- gov implements laws based on treaties and conventions it signs with international orgs.

Commented headers below are useless Jacaranda yap...
seriously this isn't fucking legal studies.

In 1948 The UN passed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- the most significant issue for a voter is their job

🪴 JoshNotes