Economic growth & income

  • most popular method for comparing living standards between different economies is income
  • it measures the ability of a nation’s citizens to satisfy their material wants
  • limitations in comparing the size of economies is the exchange rate used.
    • By using the USD, we can make inaccurate comparisons about the living standards of developing countries
  • Economists make adjustments using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) before comparing GNI levels between countries
  • Purchasing power parity (PPP) is :: a theory that states that exchange rates should adjust to equalise the price of identical goods and services in different economies throughout the world.

Economic development

  • Economic development :: broad measure of population wellbeing supported by economic indicators (health, education, environment quality, living standards)

  • GINI coefficient : quantitive measure of income inequality (higher = higher inequality)